“And perform As-Salât (Iqâmat-as-Salât), and
give Zakât and obey the Messenger (Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم) that you may
receive mercy (from Allâh)” [Surah Al-Nur, 24: 56]
“But if they repent, perform As-Salât
(Iqâmat-as-Salât) and give Zakât, then they are your brethren in religion” [Surah At-Tawbah,
9: 11]
“And they were commanded not, but that they
should worship Allâh, and worship none but Him Alone (abstaining from ascribing
partners to Him), and perform As-Salât (Iqâmat-as-Salât) and give Zakât, and
that is the right religion” [Surah Al-Bayyinah,
98: 5]
The literal meaning of zakat is:
“to purify, to growth and to
increase”. It comes from the root letters “za”, “kaf”, “ya”, which has several
meaning in Al – Quran:
- To pay the obligatory charity (Al – Baqarah, verse 43)
- To be pure (Maryam, verses 13 & 19)
- To purify or be purified (An – Nur, verse 21)
- To growth (Abasa, verse 3)
- To increase (Al –Lail, verse 18)
“Take from their wealth charity by which you purify them and cause them increase, and invoke God's blessings upon them. Indeed, your invocations are reassurance for them. And God is All Hearing and All Knowing.” (Quran. Surah 9: verse 103)
The literal meaning of “zakah” are several:
1.
To grow
2.
To increase
3.
To purify
4.
To cleanse to increase in value
5.
To purify, to cleanse, to grow
Zakah is the third
obligation of Islam, every Muslim whose finances are above a certain specified
minimum must pay 2.5 per cent of his cash balance annually to a deserving
fellow-being, a new convert to Islam, a traveler or a person with debts.
Zakat, Arabic zakāt , an
obligatory tax required of Muslims, one of the five Pillars of Islam. The zakat is levied on five categories of
property—food grains; fruit; camels, cattle, sheep, and goats; gold and silver;
and movable goods—and is payable each year after one year’s possession. The tax
levy required by religious law varies with the category. Recipients of the
zakat include the poor and needy, the collectors themselves, and “those whose
hearts it is necessary to conciliate”—e.g., discordant tribesmen, debtors,
volunteers in jihad (holy war), and pilgrims.
The
literal and simple meaning of Zakah is purity. The technical meaning of the
word designates the annual amount in kind or coin which a Muslim with means
must distribute among the rightful beneficiaries.
In
Arabic terms, zakat literally means: Purification and Growth
Zakat
in Islamic finance refers to the obligation that an individual has to donate a
certain proportion of welath each year to charitable causes.
Zakah (Alms Tax for
Poor)
The third pillar of Islam is the
alms-tax (Zakah). The word in Arabic implies "purification" and it is
understood to mean that a person "purifies" his holdings of wealth
from greed and stinginess.
Zakat is the compulsory giving of a set proportion of one's
wealth to charity. It is regarded as a type of worship and of
self-purification. Zakat is the third Pillar of Islam.
Zakat does not refer to
charitable gifts given out of kindness or generosity, but to the systematic
giving of 2.5% of one's wealth each year to benefit the poor. The 2.5% rate only applies to cash, gold and silver,
and commercial items. There are other rates for farm and mining produce, and
for animals.
Assessment of business zakat is based on the information
contained in the statement of Financial position of a business whereas assessment for
taxation is based on the statement of comprehensive income of a company. Hence, a business
needs to pay zakat regardless if the profits are earned or not, and the business
should possess positive working capital (Hamat, 2009). On the other hand, business tax is
obligated to be paid by companies should there be any chargeable income. Such obligation is taken
into consideration after all the
principles of deductibility of expenses are considered in
arriving at the taxable figure.
Technical Comparison Between: Business Zakat and Tax on Business Income in Malaysia. (PDF Download Available). Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/251567247_Technical_Comparison_Between_Business_Zakat_and_Tax_on_Business_Income_in_Malaysia [accessed May 23, 2016].
Zakah is 2.5% of a Muslim’s income and savings after they have
taken care of their families. It is important to remember that zakah is not charity but an obligation. The rich pay more than those with less money and very poor people pay nothing at all.
Zakah is one of the five pillars of Islam and is a duty performed on a
regular basis. Zakah is not an option it is a compulsory act for all Muslims.
It is a contribution paid once a year on savings of two and a half percent.
This giving is to “cleanse” your money and possessions from excessive desire
for them or greed. The idea is, that by giving this money you learn not to
place too much importance on material wealth (cash and possessions).
Zakah must be paid on gold, silver, merchandise for owned businesses,
cash in bank account, cattle and crops. You must pay Zakah on these items if
they have been in your possession for a year. You do not have to pay it on
personal items which do not bring you wealth E.G your car, clothes, shelter or
food.
This is the compulsory alms-giving which Allah has given the order for
in the Qur'an. Its status is Fardh. Zakah is only eligible upon mature, sane
men and women who meet Nisab threshold. 2.5% of their wealth must then be
given. Zakah must only be given to the specific eight categories mentioned in the
Qur'an. If it is not given to any of them, then it will be void and necessary
to re-pay. So donate to charity Zakat and fulfil the right of your wealth that
Allah has bestowed upon you.
Zakat is of two
types, Obligatory and recommended. Obligatory Zakat is again of two types. The
Zakat of wealth and the Zakat of body (Fitra). The Zakat of wealth is for nine
items: Four food grains (Wheat, barley, dates and dried grapes); Three
quadrupeds, (Sheep or goats, cows and camels) and two types of coins, (gold and
silver). Zakat of food grains becomes obligatory when wheat, barley, dates or
resins reach a particular quantity (Nisab). The Nisab (taxable limit) is fixed
at 40 mithqal less than 280 Tabrizi mounds approximately equal to 847
Kilograms. If the cultivation of wheat, barley, dates or resins was carried out
by rain water, stream/river or from the moisture of the earth (like the lands
of Egypt etc.) the Zakat payable is one-tenth of the total yield. But if it was
cultivated with well-water etc. the Zakat is 1/20 (twentieth part / 5.
Why Zakah?
- Dual
Purification
- Eradication of Poverty
- Economic
Empowerment
- Socio-Economic Justice
Method of calculation
(Duration haul is January 5, 1999 until February 7, 2000) (Assuming nisab
of charity at that RM 3,323.50)
So zakat are :
(Balances with lower interest bank refused WITH) X 2.5%
(RM 9,115.00 - RM 115.00) x 2.5% = RM 225.00
Calculating Zakah:
Zakāh will become compulsory on a sane and mature
Muslim when his / her wealth exceeds the Nisāb and this amount of wealth is
maintained for the duration of one entire lunar year. The Nisāb is 20 Mithqals
(87.479 g) for gold and 200 Dirhams (612.35 g) for silver. Any currency equal
to the amount of any of these Nisābs will also render Zakāh binding. A
person should add his / her cash savings, values of gold and/or silver, value
of the merchandise of trade and any receivables from debts etc. Thereafter, he
/ she should deduct the amount of debts owed to others. If the value of the net
total equals the Nisāb of gold or silver, he / she will have to pay 2.5% of the
amount in Zakāh.
Calculating
Zakat of Gold
Assalamu’alaikum ustadz. I’d like to ask
about zakat of wealth. I have about 100 grams of gold bullion on July. Then in
August, it underwent a cutback to 88 grams (I sold it). 6 months afterward I
bought more gold about 7.5 grams. How to calculate its zakat obligation?
Our government has defined the nishab for gold
for zakat is about 85 gram of pure gold.
For example, a person has some wealth at the end of the year, as follows:
15 gram of goldMoney of IDR 10.000.000,-
Money of 4000 real
Traded goods valued about IDR 15.000.000,-
How to calculate the zakat?
- First, we convert the IDR money to gold = IDR 10.000.000,- / IDR
495.000/gram = 20,2. gram
- Next, we convert the real money to gold = 4000 real : 165 real/gram = 24,24
gram
- We also convert the traded goods to gold = IDR 15.000.000,- / IDR
495.000/gram = 30.3 gram
Hence, we can see that the total number after the other wealth are
converted to gold is = 15 + 20,2 + 24,24 + 30,3 gram = 89,74 gram. (This
applies if the price of 1 gram of gold is IDR 495.000)
By this calculation, we know that the person is already obliged to pay the
zakat because his wealth worth more than 85 gram of gold.
How much zakat should he pay?
He should pay zakat of 2.5% from those wealth: = 2,5 % x 89,74 gram =
2,2435 gram of gold.
If he intends to pay his zakat with gold, he is allowed, and if pays it
with money, he is also allowed to. Thus, his zakat obligation in cash is 2,2435
gram of gold x IDR 495.000/gram = IDR 1.110.532,00
People to Whom Zakah is Paid
- The poor
- The needy
- Its administrators
- Those whose hearts are inclined towards Islam
- The Slaves
- Debtors
- For Allah’s cause
- The wayfarer
The Qur’an mentions eight groups of
people on who Zakat should be spent:
(Surat At-Tawbah 9:60)
- The
Fuqara’ (the
poor)
- Al-Maskin (the needy)
- Aamileen (Zakat collector)
- Muallafatul
Quloob (poor
and needy who recently converted to Islam)
- Ar-Riqaab (slaves; Zakat can be
used to purchase their freedom)
- Ibnus-Sabeel: A stranded traveller in need
of financial assistance.
- Al
Ghaarimeen: A
debtor
- Fi Sabeelillah: Those who are away from home in the path of Allah
The
Beneficiaries of Zakat?
To put it in simple
terms, people who are poor and suffering are eligible to receive Zakat money.
They can be any of the following:
- The
Poor & The Needy – these people may have
some wealth and funds but it is not enough to make up for the nisaab.
- The Destitute – People who have no wealth or funds.
They are living their life on the very basics necessities of life.
- Zakat Collectors – People who collect Zakat as well as
distribute it.
- Muslim Converts – This category was specifically
designed to get new Muslim converts who were genuinely poor on their feet.
It still exists to this day.
- People in Debt – People who are in debt but cannot pay
it back are eligible for Zakat.
- Travellers – Muslims who are
in the middle of their journey and out of money are eligible for zakat donations.
Source:
No comments:
Post a Comment